Message d'erreur

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L’insuffisance cardiaque

Cause :

Les causes les plus courantes d'insuffisance cardiaque sont :

  • L'insuffisance coronarienne
  • L’infarctus du myocarde
  • L'hypertension
  • Une valvulopathie
  • Une maladie cardiaque congénitale
  • Une cardiomyopathie
  • Une endocardite
  • Une myocardite
  • Le diabète
  • Pneumopathies
  • Consommation d’alcool ou de drogues

Symptômes :

 Les plus courants:

  • Difficultés respiratoires pendant la nuit ou en position couchée;
  • Toux et respiration sifflante;
  • Fatigue et faiblesse;
  • Essoufflement;

Diagnostic :

Le bilan médical permet de confirmer l'insuffisance cardiaque et d'en évaluer la gravité. Il recherche :

Les facteurs aggravants la maladie et les facteurs de risque cardiovasculaire ( tabagisme, obésité ou surpoids, hypertension artérielle) ;

Le bilan médical :

  • Examen clinique
  • Bilan sanguin ;
  • Radiographie thoracique,
  • Électrocardiogramme,
  • Écho-doppler cardiaque, ou échocardiographie doppler,
  • Électrocardiogramme d'effort

Traitement :

Il repose d'abord sur des conseils d'hygiène de vie. Pour lr traitement médicamenteux, l'administration d'un ou plusieurs classes d'antihypertenseurs et des tonicardiaques comme la digitaline (Digoxine) demeurent le traitement de base de l'insuffisance cardiaque, en association avec les diurétiques.

D'autres médicaments sont utilisés :

  • L'amiodarone (Cordarone) ;
  • Les dérivés nitrés ;
  • La dihydralazine ;