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L'allergie alimentaire

  • Par : Pharmapresse

  • Tags :

L'allergie alimentaire se caractérise par une hypersensibilité spécifique envers des substances étrangères à l'organisme. Une consommation répétée d'un aliment ou de ses constituants provoque une réaction antigène-anticorps.

L’allergie alimentaire  concerne 4% de la population générale et 6% des enfants.

L’augmentation des allergies alimentaires reconnaît plusieurs raisons, au premier rang desquelles il faut citer :

  • Des aliments de plus en plus variés.
  • De plus en plus de manipulations technologiques de l’industrie agro-alimentaire.

Les principaux aliments allergènes :

  • fruits à écales (amandes, noix du Brésil, noix de cajou, noisettes ou avelines, noix de macadamia, pacanes, pignons, pistaches et noix)
  • Soya;
  • Blé
  • Arachides
  • Lait de vache;
  • Œufs;
  • Poissons;
  • Fruits de mer
  • Graines de sésame.

Causes :

La cause de l’allergie alimentaire est liée à la production par l’organisme del’ immunoglobuline E (IgE), qui provoque des allergies alimentaires à des anticorps spécifiques.

Symptômes :

  • Rougeurs,
  • Picotement,
  • Urticaire
  • Enflure
  • Congestion nasale,
  • Éternuements,
  • Changement de la voix,
  • Toux,
  • Difficulté à respirer,
  • Cillement
  • Picotement ou enflure de la bouche,
  • Difficulté à avaler,
  • Nausée,
  • Vomissement,
  • Douleur abdominale,
  • Diarrhée
  • Faiblesse et hypotension

Diagnostic :

  • Tests cutanés.
  • Tests sanguins..
  • Test de provocation.

Traitements :

  • Aucun traitement ne permet d’éliminer une allergie alimentaire. La meilleure des solutions consiste évidemment à supprimer tout contact avec l'aliment responsable.